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The Actors Encyclopaedia - AThe Actors Encyclopaedia - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z91 DAY OUT CLAUSE A contractual agreement that allows the performer to terminate the contract if the performer doesn't earn a minimum amount of money within 91 days after signing the contract. Do not sign any agent or manager contract that does not contain a similar out clause. 18-TO-PLAY-YOUNGER An actor who is 18 years or older but who can convincingly portray a younger character. 3 VOUCHER SYSTEM A way of becoming eligible to join the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) by acquiring a total of three SAG work vouchers. These vouchers are acquired by working as a non-union performer in a SAG contract film. 4-A'S Associated Actors and Artists of America; parent organization for AFTRA, Equity, SAG, and other performers' unions. 8 X 10 A photo of the performer, commonly 8" x 10" in dimension, usually black and white, showing just the head and shoulders. 99-SEAT The Actors Equity Association's agreement for low-budget theatres with a capacity of no more than 99 audience seats. Equity and non-Equity actors can perform in a production under this contract. ABBY SINGER The second-to-last shot of the day. Named after Abby Singer, a production manager, who would frequently call the last shot of the day, which frequently turned out to not be the last shot of the day. ABOVE MINIMUM FEE Fees contracted at rates in excess of the minimum fees and terms provided in a basic agreement. ABOVE THE TITLE In an a dvertisement, placement of a performer's name before the title of the production. Usually only available to big stars. ABOVE-THE-LINE/BELOW-THE-LINE Two main catagories of production expenses. Expenses relating to the purchase of rights script and performance rights, salaries for producers, writer, director, and main characters are "above-the-line" expenses. Expenses related to the hiring of crews; procuring studio space, equipment, purchasing and processing film or videotape, and other costs associated with production activities are "below-the-line." ABOVE Toward the back wall of a stage. ABSURD, THEATRE OF THE 1940s-1960s style of theatre that expressed existentialist philosophy through highly theatrical style. Frequently incorporates non-sensical dialogue and plot used to convey concepts related to human miscommunication and the irrationality of human existance. Noted absurdist playwrites include Samuel Beckett, Eugene Ionesco and Jean Genet. ACADEMY OF MOTION PICTURE ARTS AND SCIENCES AWARDS The Oscars. Annual awards given for excellence in various aspects of motion picture production. ACADEMY OF MOTION PICTURE ARTS AND SCIENCES (AMPAS): http //www.oscars.org Usually referred to as "The Academy". The sponsoring organization of the Oscars as well as other competitions and services. Publishes the American Players Directory, a widely used reference for the casting community. The directory containing professional actor photos and contact info. ACT CURTAIN or ACT DROP A curtain or painted cloth, usually closest to the proscenium, which was closed or opened to signify the beginning or ending of an act or scene. Also called front curtain, main curtain, working curtain, or grand curtain. ACT (1) The largest divisions of the sections of a play. A short play is a "One-Act Play", a play with two sections has two Acts, a play with three sections has two Acts, etc. Acts are further divided into Scenes. (2) To perform a role in a dramatic production ACTING AREA The area of a stage where performance occurs. ACTING EDITION A copy of the script which has the stage directions, technical cues, prop lists and costume descriptions from the prompt script of the first production. ACTION 1) A verbal cue which indicates that the scene is to begin and that the camera is filming. 2) An actor's movements in the context of a performance 3) The development of the plot of a production. ACTION, DRAMATIC Gesture, action or dialogue that advances the plot of a dramatic work. ACTION, FALLING Action following the climax; tension is reduced and plot develops toward the conclusion ACTION, RISING Action leading up to the climax; tension is increased and plot develops. ACTOR'S EQUITY ASSOCIATION Labor union for professional live performance actors. ACTOR A person who plays the role of a character. Historically, the term "Actor" refered exclusively to males, but in modern times the term is used for both genders. AD LIB Unscripted dialog or action performed with little to no preparation. AD. Assistant director. ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY Recalling actors and crew to film scenes that need to be filmed to correct mistakes or to add additional film footage. ADR Automated Dialogue Replacement. Dialogue specially recorded and added to a scene after the scene has been filmed. Also called"looping". ADVANCE BAR Lighting bar positioned just downstage of the proscenium arch. Also known as ANTI-PROSCENIUM. ADVANCE Money received before rendering services. ADVERTISING AGENCY A company that does artwork and production for advertisements. AEA Actors' Equity Association (Equity) Actor union for live and stage actors. AESTHETIC VALUES Light effects, costumes, sets or other elements that create the production's sense of style and visual appeal. AFFILIATE An independent, local broadcast station under contract with a national or regional broadcasting company, for the purpose of broadcasting the national or regional company's programs. AFI American Film Institute. Organization of filmmakers and filmgoers to advance the art of film, television, video and digital media. AFL-CIO American Federation of Labor/Congress of Industrial Organizations. Parent organization for various performer unions. AFM American Federation of Musicians. Union for musicians and arrangers. AFTRA American Federation of TV and radio artists. For performers in radio, vocal recording and soap operas. AGE RANGE/AGE CATEGORY Ages that an actor can believably portray. AGENCY COMMISSION A percentage of a performer's earnings that is payed to the agency representing performer. AGENCY Refers to model or talent agency or to an advertising agency.Model and talent agencies handle booking work for models or actors. Advertising agencies create and produce advertising for businesses. AGENT, CASTING An individual who assists producers with casting. AGENT, LITERARY An individual who assists writers to sell their work with publishers and producers. AGENT, TALENT An individual, usually licensed, who helps actors get work. Theatrical agents specializes in dramatic television, film and theater. Commercial agents handles TV and radio commercials and voice-overs. AGENT A person responsible for the professional business dealings of an actor, director, or other artist (talent). Negotiates contracts on behalf of the talent, submits their talent for roles. AGMA American Guild of Musical Artists AGVA American Guild of Variety Artists AIMP Association of Independent Music Publishers. AIR CHECK Recording a program during broadcast for archival or legal purposes. AIR PLAY Radio broadcasting. AISLE A pathway for easy travel through a seating area. ALL-AMERICAN LOOK Middle-American appearance. ALLARGANDO Getting broader. ALLEGRO Happily. Lightly. ALLITERATION The purposeful repetition of sounds, particularly the beginning consonants of words. "She sells sea shell by the seashore" AMATEUR Not professional. AMERICAN DINNER THEATRE INSTITUTE: (ADTI) A professional organization for Equity-franchised dinner theatres in the USA. Provides news of interest to the theatres and negotiates Equity dinner theatre contracts on behalf of the theatres'. AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TELEVISION AND RADIO ARTISTS (AFTRA) For performers in radio, vocal recording and soap operas. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CINEMATOGRAPHERS (ASC) Dedicated to advancing the art of cinematography through artistry and technological progress. Publishes "American Cinematographer" magazine. AMPTP Alliance Of Motion Picture And Television Producers. ANAGNORISIS A character's self revelation or self discovery, particularly when the revelation initiates a turning point in the action. ANALOG OR ANALOGUE adj., Non-digital audio recording and playback technologies ANAMORPHIC LENS Camera lens that distorts a wide image to fit on a narrower 35mm frame of film. ANCHOR Secure a set piece to the stage floor. ANDANTE walking space. ANGEL Financial backer of a production. ANIMATION PERFORMER Performer hired to voice a role or roles in an animated production. ANIMATION Creating the illusion of motion by filming individual frames; each frame presents a small increment in the action. When viewed in real-time, appears to be continuous motion. Art for animation filming can be executed as drawings, 3-dimensional objects or computer generated images. ANIME A style of animation that had its roots in Japanese comic book art style. ANNCR Announcer. ANNOUNCER A performer hired to deliver a message other than a commercial. ANTAGONIST Opposes the hero (protaganist) of a drama. ANTHOLOGY SERIES a series each episode of which contains a separate complete story or other complete program entity, without a character or characters common to each of the episodes but held together by the same title, trade name or mark or identifying device or personality common to all of the episodes. A continuing host shall not be considered a character common to each of the episodes. ANTICLIMAX n. A minor decrease in dramatic tension. APERTURE The opening in the front of a camera through which light passes to create the image. APRON The frontmost section of a proscenium stage that is closest to the audience. ARC The progression of plot throughout a story and how those changes effect the various characters. ARCHETYPE An original after which other similar things are patterned. AREAS Divided portions of the stage. ARENA STAGE (THEATRE-IN-THE-ROUND) An arrangement of performance and audience space in which the audience is seated around most if not all of the performance space. ARIA Operatic term denoting a solo number that suspends the dramatic action. Usually reflective in content. ARISTOTLE Greek philosopher (384-322 BC) First and most important dramatic theorist of the Western World. His Poetics describes Greek Tragedy and attempts to explain how it moves an audience. Aristotelian terms and principles, such as hubris, peripity, catharsis, are still useful to critics and dramatists. ART DEPARTMENT: Responsible for achieving the overall "look" of the film as envisioned by the director. Department positions include production designer, production buyer, special effects supervisor, draftsman, art director, assistant art director, set decorator, set dresser, property master, leadman, swing gang, and property assistant . ART DIRECTOR Person who conceives and designs the sets. ASCAP American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. ASIDE Lines spoken to the audience. By convention, the audience understand that the lines are not heard by the other characters in the scene. ASL American Sign Language. ASM Assistant Stage Manager. ASSEMBLY Part of the editing process in which outtakes are removed from the masters and the remaining takes are placed in broadcast order. ASSISTANT ART DIRECTOR An assistant to the art director . ASSISTANT CAMERA Assistant Camera Operator, First Assistant Cameraman, 1st Assistant Cameraman, 1st Assistant Camera, Assistant Cameraman, Camera Assistant. A camera crew member who assists the camera operator . Reponsible for the care of the camera and preparing dope sheets. May also perform the duties of clapper-loader and/or a focus puller. ASSISTANT DIRECTOR AD, First Assistant Director, 1st Assistant Director. Duties include tracking the progress of the production schedule, and preparing call sheet. ASSISTANT FILM EDITOR Assistant Picture Editor, Assistant Sound Editor, Assistant Editor, First Assistant Editor, Second Assistant Editor, Apprentice Editor. Responsible for providing assistance to the editor. ASSISTANT PRODUCTION MANAGER Assistant to the production co-ordinator. ASSOCIATE PRODUCER Performs numerous functions as delegated by a producer ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DU FILM D'ANIMATION ASIFA, International Animation Association. ASSOCIATION OF FILM COMMISSIONERS INTERNATIONAL AFCI. Non-profit educational organization to serve the needs of on-location film, television and commercial production. ASSOCIATION OF HISPANIC ARTS Organization supporting Hispanic theatre companies with technical assistance, planning and financial management systems, identification of new and up-and-coming Hispanic playwrights and marketing. ASSOCIATION OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCERS AMPTP ATA Association of Talent Agents. ATMOSPHERE ACTORS Actors who appear in a scene to help establish the time, place, or mood of a scene. Usually do not have discernable lines. Also known as "extras." ATTITUDE State of mind or emotion that a character brings to the action of a production. AUDIO Pertaining to sound or sound technology. AUDIOBOOK Sound recording of a dramatic reading of a literary work. AUDITION A try out for a film, tv or stage part. Usually conducted by a casting director and/or producer. AUDITORIUM Area of a theater seating or accomodating the audience. AUTHOR The person entitled to hold a copyright. AUTOMATIC DIALOGUE REPLACEMENT ADR, Dialogue Looping, Dialog Looping, Looping. Re-recording of dialogue by actor s in a sound studio during post-production. Used to replace production track of poor quality or to change the delivery or inflection of a line. AVAILABILITY (AVAIL) A courtesy extended by a performer or an agent to a producer indicating availability to work a certain job. Avails imply no legal or contractual obligation. The Actors Encyclopaedia - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
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